Carnosol is a naturally occurring phenolic diterpene found predominantly in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and sage (Salvia officinalis). It exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties.

In the context of pharmacological research, carnosol has gained significant attention due to its ability to modulate key cellular signaling pathways, including the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway, which is crucial for regulating cell growth, autophagy, and bone metabolism. Its potent antioxidant activity helps mitigate oxidative stress, a critical factor in the pathology of many chronic diseases, including osteoporosis.